公平与包容

1项清单.

• 单击展开

  1. 性别 是态度, 感情, behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex. (美国心理学协会) 性别 is often assigned based on sexual and reproductive anatomy. 
  2. 性别认同 refers to one’s sense of oneself as male, female, or something else. 当一个人的性别认同和生理性别不一致时, 个体可以沿着跨性别谱进行识别. (美国心理学协会)
  3. 变性人 is an umbrella term that incorporates differences in 性别 identity wherein one's assigned biological sex doesn't match their felt 性别 identity. (美国心理学协会根据美国心理协会的说法, “80% of trans性别 adults report knowing they were ‘different’ as early as elementary school.”
  4. 偏见 refers to behavior or langu年龄 that demonstrates prejudice (preconceived 的意见 not based on reason or actual experience) in favor of or against one person or group compared to another.
  5. 偏执 refers to obstinate or unreasonable conduct or commentary that denigrates or offends another person, motivated (in whole or in part) by a biased belief or 的意见 held against another with regard to citizenship status, 残疾, 民族起源, 性别, 国籍, 比赛, 宗教, 性取向, 或者社会经济地位.
  6. “BIPOC” is an acronym to describe “Black, Indigenous, People of Color” as a collective.
  7. “色盲” is the belief that everyone should be treated “equally” without respect to societal, 经济, 历史, 种族或其他差异. No differences are seen or acknowledged; everyone's the same.
  8. 文化 描述了一组共享的实践和信念，例如.e. the things we do/don’t, the ways we do/don’t do them, the reasons why.)
  9. 歧视 refers to an action by an institution or individual that denies access or opportunity to people based on their social identity (such as 性别, 宗教, 或种族认同). Outcomes of such 行动, rather than intent, are the basis for use of the term.
  10. 多样性 描述不同类型的人(e)的代表.g. 不同的种族, 种族, 文化背景, 年龄, 能力, 宗教信仰, 世界观, 社会经济地位等.)在一个团体或组织中.
  11. 占主导地位的集团/文化 refers to those within a society that have the greatest power, privileges, social status. 它可能是也可能不是人口的大多数. In the United States, the dominant group has 历史ly been white, Christian, affluent, male. A dominant group achieves its position by controlling 经济 and political institutions, 通讯/媒体, 教育和卫生机构, 艺术, 和业务. 主导文化 is the way of life defined by the dominant group as “normal” and right.
  12. 种族 refers to the identification of group members based on a common herit年龄, 通常来源于他们祖先居住的地方.
  13. 黑色素 refers to the pigment that gives people different skin, eye, hair colors.
  14. 有色人种(PoC) is a term used to collectively identify those groups that have 历史ly been and currently are targets of racism in the United States - for example, 非洲 & Caribbean Americans, Asian-Pacific Americans, Latino Americans, Indigenous & 印第安人和中东人 & 阿拉伯裔美国人. This term is not intended to deny the significant differences within this group.
  15. 偏见 是先入为主的判断吗, 的态度, 的意见, 或者在没有足够信息的情况下形成的感觉, 先验知识, 认为, 或理由. 偏见 can be pre-judgment for or against any person or group.
  16. 比赛 is a term to describe the social construct aimed at grouping people on the basis of physical features such as skin color, 发质等. The scientific consensus is there is no biological basis for such classification. 从历史上看, 比赛 has been lever年龄d to establish a human hierarchy of inferiority and superiority and serves as the rationale for legal discrimination, 殖民, 奴役, 以及系统性压迫. 
  17. 种族身份 describes how one self-identifies or is classified by other people and by social institutions. In addition, it includes how one comes to understand and feel about one’s racial group membership. 种族身份 development is a lifelong process in which individuals come to interpret and internalize varying mess年龄 about their own racial group and establish their sense of self based on personal, 文化, 人际关系, 以及机构间的互动.
  18. 种族文化 refers to a 历史 and sociological 理解 of how 比赛 has been constructed and used to shape the world in which we live; the development of skills that enable us to function in an increasingly diverse society and constructively converse about 比赛.
  19. 种族歧视 描述不能或拒绝承认权利, 需要, 尊严, 或特定种族或地理出身的人的价值. 更广泛的, the devaluation of various traits of character or intelligence as ‘typical’ of particular peoples (牛津参考); 的态度s, 行动, 或者一个机构的实践, backed by societal power that creates a “system of advant年龄 and disadvant年龄 based on 比赛.(大卫·威尔曼) 
  20. 结构性的不平等 is the systemic disadvant年龄(s) of one social group compared to other groups, rooted and perpetuated through discriminatory practices (conscious or unconscious) that are reinforced through institutions, 意识形态, 表示, 政策/法律, 和实践. When this kind of inequality is related to racial/ethnic discrimination is referred to as systemic or structural racism.